Friday, May 20, 2011
1645
October 10
Flushing receives charter from Governor Kieft. December 19 - As a reward for resisting Indian attacks, Gravesend receives patent, 16-acre square faces common (still part of Brooklyn's street plan, at MacDonald Avenue and Gravesend Neck Road). Charters grant, "... free liberty of conscience according to the custom and manner of Holland, without molestation or disturbance from any magistrate .. or ecclesiastical minister that may pretend jurisdiction over them. "
Maspeth reestablished, renamed Middleburgh.
Flushing receives charter from Governor Kieft. December 19 - As a reward for resisting Indian attacks, Gravesend receives patent, 16-acre square faces common (still part of Brooklyn's street plan, at MacDonald Avenue and Gravesend Neck Road). Charters grant, "... free liberty of conscience according to the custom and manner of Holland, without molestation or disturbance from any magistrate .. or ecclesiastical minister that may pretend jurisdiction over them. "
Maspeth reestablished, renamed Middleburgh.
1644
February 25
1st Free black community begins with 11 black slaves freed and given plots of land to farm (children still enslaved). Freed slaves include Manuel Gerrit (see 1641 Hanging spectacle).
On official listings, city has: 1 baker, 1 blacksmith, 1 brewer, 1 clerk, 1 cooper, 1 hog dealer, 1 magistrate, 1 minister, 1 skipper, 1 surgeon, 1 weaver, 2 millers, 2 wheelwrights, 4 shoemakers, 4 tailors, 10 carpenters, 19 servants, 38 farmers. The minister earns the most at 1.000 florins; a shoemaker earns 65 florins, a carpenter's boy only 25 florins. English settlement of Hempstead. 1 sheriff in New Amsterdam.
China - End of Ming dinasty (began 1368).
1st Free black community begins with 11 black slaves freed and given plots of land to farm (children still enslaved). Freed slaves include Manuel Gerrit (see 1641 Hanging spectacle).
On official listings, city has: 1 baker, 1 blacksmith, 1 brewer, 1 clerk, 1 cooper, 1 hog dealer, 1 magistrate, 1 minister, 1 skipper, 1 surgeon, 1 weaver, 2 millers, 2 wheelwrights, 4 shoemakers, 4 tailors, 10 carpenters, 19 servants, 38 farmers. The minister earns the most at 1.000 florins; a shoemaker earns 65 florins, a carpenter's boy only 25 florins. English settlement of Hempstead. 1 sheriff in New Amsterdam.
China - End of Ming dinasty (began 1368).
1643
Population of colony (Manhattan and surrounding farms) 400-500. February - Near Fort Worth is a lethal attack by Mowhawk warriors means 100s of Algonquins flee to New Amsterdam area and congregate at Pavonia and Corlaer's Hook. February 25/26 - Dutch soldiers make cowardly night attack, butchering 80 Algonquin men, women and children in their sleep in Pavonia, plus 40 in Manhattan. They march to Fort Amsterdam with the several heads. 100s of Native Americans and many settlers will die in the Year of our Blood. Maspeth settlers kill 3 Marechkawiecks and steal 2 wagons of corn. When Kieft offers a truce, they reply, "Are ye our friends? Ye are merely corn thieves." 11 tribes from Long Island and Hudson valley unite against Dutch. French Jesuit, Father Isaac Jogues, arrives as town's 1st Roman Catholic priest - after rescue from burning at the stake of Mahawk Iroquois Indians.
Town established. Services are held in St. Nicholas Church, a brewery and boatbuilding shed are erected, and a gabled inn serves visitors. October - Native Americans attack Anne Hutchinson's home near Pelham Bay (killing all except her daughter who is carried off) and then destroy Throgmorton's settlement. Moody's settlement stoutly resists another attack. Kiefts War will last almost 2 years and destroy many villages and farms.
Town established. Services are held in St. Nicholas Church, a brewery and boatbuilding shed are erected, and a gabled inn serves visitors. October - Native Americans attack Anne Hutchinson's home near Pelham Bay (killing all except her daughter who is carried off) and then destroy Throgmorton's settlement. Moody's settlement stoutly resists another attack. Kiefts War will last almost 2 years and destroy many villages and farms.
1642 - 1644
Under threat of Native American attacks many settlers return to Holland. Manhattan's population drops from 300 to 100.
1642
Religious dissenters from Massachusetts settle Gravenzande (Gravesend).
October Englishman John Throgmorton settles 35 households at Throg's Neck, where East River meets Long Island South. Dutch and Native Americans sign treaty, in Jonas Bronck's home, to end war. Sadly, fighting still continues for 2 years.
English settlement of Newtown: Revd. Doughty has charter to settle head of Newtown Creek and calls settlement Maspeth. 3 Long Island villages join to form Breukelen. Town's 1st inn, The Stadt Herberg (City Tavern) is built at 71-73 Pearl Street, overlooking the Great Dock and East River. Government officials conduct business on the upper floors, within easy reach of bar. Director General Kieft and Dutch Reformed congregation build a grand stone and timbered church in fort. Sly Kieft asks for contributions to the building fund after the 5th round of drinks at a wedding reception! St. Nicholas Church serves as a refuge during Indian raids and survives for 99 years but blocks the wind from nearby windmills creating flour shortages. Earliest ferry between Manhattan and Long Island (Fulton Street to Peck Slip).
Dutch discover New Zealand.
October Englishman John Throgmorton settles 35 households at Throg's Neck, where East River meets Long Island South. Dutch and Native Americans sign treaty, in Jonas Bronck's home, to end war. Sadly, fighting still continues for 2 years.
English settlement of Newtown: Revd. Doughty has charter to settle head of Newtown Creek and calls settlement Maspeth. 3 Long Island villages join to form Breukelen. Town's 1st inn, The Stadt Herberg (City Tavern) is built at 71-73 Pearl Street, overlooking the Great Dock and East River. Government officials conduct business on the upper floors, within easy reach of bar. Director General Kieft and Dutch Reformed congregation build a grand stone and timbered church in fort. Sly Kieft asks for contributions to the building fund after the 5th round of drinks at a wedding reception! St. Nicholas Church serves as a refuge during Indian raids and survives for 99 years but blocks the wind from nearby windmills creating flour shortages. Earliest ferry between Manhattan and Long Island (Fulton Street to Peck Slip).
Dutch discover New Zealand.
1641
1 in 4 business premises sell liquor and beer. At corner of Whitehall and Stone Street, 1st official tavern is At the sign of the Wooden Horse. When serving in the militia, its owner had been sentenced to carry a pitcher of beer and a sword while riding a sharp-spined wooden horse on parade. James Bronck, a Dane who had arrived in July 1939, purchases 500 acres between the Harlem River and the Aquahung River, soon known as Bronck's River; hence borough's name.
April 11
Drinking on Sunday during church hours is outlawed. Residents ignore this (a stronger law is passed 15 years later). Army detachment investigates theft of a pig, stolen by Dutch criminals en route to Delaware. Kieft's troops think Raitan Indians guilty and attack them, launching Governor Kieft's War, a struggle between Europeans in the northeast and various local tribes - tribes that are often at war with one another. 11 tribes attack the small settlement in Manhattan. Native Americans of Long Island, Hackensack and Westchester, once friendly, kill isolated farmers and take wives and children as captives. In September, when Raritan Indians attack Dutch settlements along Hackensack River and on Staten Island, the Dutch abandon these. Semptember - Annual livestock fairs to begin in Manhattan.
Hanging Spectacle
City's 1st public hanging in Hanover Square: Dutch West India Company slaves who had killed a slave are threatened with torture if they do not name killer. All confess, assuming company will not want to lose 9 slaves. Governor Kieft orders them to draw straws. Gerrit loses. Many come to see this huge man hang but when the ladder is pulled away, both ropes break and he falls to the ground in agony. Gerrit is released. 3 years later he is emancipated and becomes one of the earliest landowners in Greenwich Village.
Kieft states: "A great deal of bad seawant (wampun) .. imported from other places - is in circulation, while the good, splendid seawant is out of sight or exported., which must cause the ruin of the country".
New Council of Twelve is chosen by male heads of households to advise Director General.
April 11
Drinking on Sunday during church hours is outlawed. Residents ignore this (a stronger law is passed 15 years later). Army detachment investigates theft of a pig, stolen by Dutch criminals en route to Delaware. Kieft's troops think Raitan Indians guilty and attack them, launching Governor Kieft's War, a struggle between Europeans in the northeast and various local tribes - tribes that are often at war with one another. 11 tribes attack the small settlement in Manhattan. Native Americans of Long Island, Hackensack and Westchester, once friendly, kill isolated farmers and take wives and children as captives. In September, when Raritan Indians attack Dutch settlements along Hackensack River and on Staten Island, the Dutch abandon these. Semptember - Annual livestock fairs to begin in Manhattan.
Hanging Spectacle
City's 1st public hanging in Hanover Square: Dutch West India Company slaves who had killed a slave are threatened with torture if they do not name killer. All confess, assuming company will not want to lose 9 slaves. Governor Kieft orders them to draw straws. Gerrit loses. Many come to see this huge man hang but when the ladder is pulled away, both ropes break and he falls to the ground in agony. Gerrit is released. 3 years later he is emancipated and becomes one of the earliest landowners in Greenwich Village.
Kieft states: "A great deal of bad seawant (wampun) .. imported from other places - is in circulation, while the good, splendid seawant is out of sight or exported., which must cause the ruin of the country".
New Council of Twelve is chosen by male heads of households to advise Director General.
1640
Cornelius Melyn arrives on Staten Island with 41 settlers. Dutch West India Company promises to send, "as many blacks as possible" to colony.
Native American uprising. Governor Kieft tries to end rife smuggling. He orders sailors to stay on ship at night (but they still drink in saloons), prohibits "fighting, lewdness, rebellion, theft, perjury, calumny", and issues passports to restrict foreigners - but fails in all this. Wealthy Frenchman, Picquet, denounces Kieft as, "a betrayer of his country, a villain and a traitor", and offers to shoot the Director General if no one else will !
May 10
Canarsee chief Penhawitz sells land around Jamaica Bay to Dutch West India Company.
Native American uprising. Governor Kieft tries to end rife smuggling. He orders sailors to stay on ship at night (but they still drink in saloons), prohibits "fighting, lewdness, rebellion, theft, perjury, calumny", and issues passports to restrict foreigners - but fails in all this. Wealthy Frenchman, Picquet, denounces Kieft as, "a betrayer of his country, a villain and a traitor", and offers to shoot the Director General if no one else will !
May 10
Canarsee chief Penhawitz sells land around Jamaica Bay to Dutch West India Company.
1640s
Dutch traders sell muskets and powder to the Iroquois which are used against Algonquins, Hurons and French.
1639
Dutch plantations now thinly line East River.
Jonas Bronck is 1st settler in the Bronx, which is named after him. He leases land from Dutch West India Company on the neck of the mainland just north of Dutch settlement at Harlem, and buys more land from local tribes.
Director General Kieft attempts to tax Native Americans but meets violent resistance.
January 5th
Captain de vries establishes a plantation on Staten Island but abandons it a year later, leasing rights to Thomas Smythe. To encourage settlers, West India Company ends fur trade restrictions. Also, 200 acres are offered to each new head of household. Native Americans, Ranaque and Tackamuck, want 2 guns, 2 kettles, 2 coats, 2 adzes, 2 shirts, 1 barrel of cider and 6 bits of money for the 500 acres between the Harlem and Bronx Rivers north of Port Morris. Governor Kieft buys land from the Rockaways east to Fire Island and north to Cow Bay (Huntingdon) - which will become Queens County. In August, West India Company purchases Keskweskeck tract north of Manhattan between the Hudson and Harlem Rivers from Tequeemet, Rechgawac and Pachimiens.
Jonas Bronck is 1st settler in the Bronx, which is named after him. He leases land from Dutch West India Company on the neck of the mainland just north of Dutch settlement at Harlem, and buys more land from local tribes.
Director General Kieft attempts to tax Native Americans but meets violent resistance.
January 5th
Captain de vries establishes a plantation on Staten Island but abandons it a year later, leasing rights to Thomas Smythe. To encourage settlers, West India Company ends fur trade restrictions. Also, 200 acres are offered to each new head of household. Native Americans, Ranaque and Tackamuck, want 2 guns, 2 kettles, 2 coats, 2 adzes, 2 shirts, 1 barrel of cider and 6 bits of money for the 500 acres between the Harlem and Bronx Rivers north of Port Morris. Governor Kieft buys land from the Rockaways east to Fire Island and north to Cow Bay (Huntingdon) - which will become Queens County. In August, West India Company purchases Keskweskeck tract north of Manhattan between the Hudson and Harlem Rivers from Tequeemet, Rechgawac and Pachimiens.
1638
Arrivals from New England seek religious and political freedom. Former Governor Minuit dies on a ship at se during a storm.
Adam Roelantsen founds 1st school. Collegiate School can trace its origin to him.
March 28
Willem Kieft now Director General. Soon he imposes severe penalties for, "adulterous intercourse with heathens, blacks or other persons .. mutiny, theft, false testimony, slanderous language". He also emphasizes ban on sexual relations between Dutch and Native Americans.
May
Soldier, Gerrit Jansen, stabbed in a brawl outside fort - the colony's 1st murder.
August 1st
With wampum, cloth, axes, iron, kettles and knives, Kieft purchases what will be the town of Bushwick from Keskaechquerem chiefs.
Shimabara uprising in Japan.
Turks conquer Baghdad.
Galileo's Principles of Falling Bodies.
Adam Roelantsen founds 1st school. Collegiate School can trace its origin to him.
March 28
Willem Kieft now Director General. Soon he imposes severe penalties for, "adulterous intercourse with heathens, blacks or other persons .. mutiny, theft, false testimony, slanderous language". He also emphasizes ban on sexual relations between Dutch and Native Americans.
May
Soldier, Gerrit Jansen, stabbed in a brawl outside fort - the colony's 1st murder.
August 1st
With wampum, cloth, axes, iron, kettles and knives, Kieft purchases what will be the town of Bushwick from Keskaechquerem chiefs.
Shimabara uprising in Japan.
Turks conquer Baghdad.
Galileo's Principles of Falling Bodies.
Thursday, May 19, 2011
1637
1st physicianm Dr Jean Mousnier de la Montagne, arrives. He will be a founder of Harlem. One of his daughters marries Jacob Kip.
June 17
De Rapalje, an original Walloon, purchases land at Wallabout Bay (Bay of Foreigners).
Van Twiller buys Nooten (Nutten Island) known since as Governors Island. He also acquires Hog Island (now Roosevelt Island) in East River where the Dutch herd pigs.
When public prosecutor, Van Dincklangen, objects to Director General's corrupt ways, he is despatched to Holland as a prisoner - without the 3 years' pay due to him. When Van Dincklangen informs Dutch West India Company of Van Twiller's corruption, Van Twiller is dismissed. Van Dincklangen becomes Manhattan's assistant Director General and Dutch West India Company reclaims many acres Van Twiller had taken (but he still remains incredibly rich).
USA - Pequot War ends.
June 17
De Rapalje, an original Walloon, purchases land at Wallabout Bay (Bay of Foreigners).
Van Twiller buys Nooten (Nutten Island) known since as Governors Island. He also acquires Hog Island (now Roosevelt Island) in East River where the Dutch herd pigs.
When public prosecutor, Van Dincklangen, objects to Director General's corrupt ways, he is despatched to Holland as a prisoner - without the 3 years' pay due to him. When Van Dincklangen informs Dutch West India Company of Van Twiller's corruption, Van Twiller is dismissed. Van Dincklangen becomes Manhattan's assistant Director General and Dutch West India Company reclaims many acres Van Twiller had taken (but he still remains incredibly rich).
USA - Pequot War ends.
1636
Officials under Van Twiller buy land from Native Americans and receive grants to settle western Long Island.
1635
Dutch settlers buy land in Queens.
Some settle in Breuckelen (Brooklyn) named after a Dutch village. Others live in Midwout, now Flatbush. Flushing area of Queens in named after Vlissingen in Netherlands.
Van Twiller marries the niece of an Amsterdam citizen with property up the Hudson River. He arrives in Manhattan, orders a fort to be built, deeds himself good tobacco land in Greenwich Village, buys 3 islands, and approximates a share in 15.000 acres in Brooklyn and Long Island. He invites his staff to a drinking contest: after a keg of brandy has been drunk, a fight erupts, and Van Twiller fires a cannon. A spark sets light to the compound roof and the structure burns down. Even after his corruption is discovered and he is dismissed, he remains the island's wealthiest citizen.
Palisade erected across neck of Manhattan, along line of Wall Street. Fort Amsterdam complete.
Some settle in Breuckelen (Brooklyn) named after a Dutch village. Others live in Midwout, now Flatbush. Flushing area of Queens in named after Vlissingen in Netherlands.
Van Twiller marries the niece of an Amsterdam citizen with property up the Hudson River. He arrives in Manhattan, orders a fort to be built, deeds himself good tobacco land in Greenwich Village, buys 3 islands, and approximates a share in 15.000 acres in Brooklyn and Long Island. He invites his staff to a drinking contest: after a keg of brandy has been drunk, a fight erupts, and Van Twiller fires a cannon. A spark sets light to the compound roof and the structure burns down. Even after his corruption is discovered and he is dismissed, he remains the island's wealthiest citizen.
Palisade erected across neck of Manhattan, along line of Wall Street. Fort Amsterdam complete.
1634
Roeloff and Jans begin building a farmhouse. Hey accumulate land to form the beginning of Trinity Church holdings.
Catholic settlers found Maryland.
Catholic settlers found Maryland.
1633
Revd. Everardus Bogardus becomes pastor of the Reformed Church. Congregation erects 1st house of worship, as well as a home and barn for the minister.
1631
Dutch West India Company fire Governor Minuit, mainly because of his extravagant building of New Netherland. He finds work in Swedish West India Company, buys land for them in Delaware for a copper pot, and establishes a colony of Swedes and Finns.
1630
Johannes de Laet publishes 1st map showing Manhattan (Manhattes), New Amsterdam and North (Noordt) River.
August 10
Staten Island (1st time called this) granted to Michael Pauw by Dutch West India Company, with Pavonia (New Jersey's Hudson shore).
Imports are worth 113,000 guilders and exports 130,000 guilders. Native Americans sell Staten Island to Dutch and exchange pelts, wampum and food for European textiles and glass beads plus brass, copper and iron tools. Illegaly, many colonists sell guns, ammunition and alcohol to them.
Town Centre of New Amsterdam has church, market place, brewery and mill. Broadway (Heerewegh) leads diagonally from it.
New colony in Salem, Massachusetts.
August 10
Staten Island (1st time called this) granted to Michael Pauw by Dutch West India Company, with Pavonia (New Jersey's Hudson shore).
Imports are worth 113,000 guilders and exports 130,000 guilders. Native Americans sell Staten Island to Dutch and exchange pelts, wampum and food for European textiles and glass beads plus brass, copper and iron tools. Illegaly, many colonists sell guns, ammunition and alcohol to them.
Town Centre of New Amsterdam has church, market place, brewery and mill. Broadway (Heerewegh) leads diagonally from it.
New colony in Salem, Massachusetts.
April 1628
Colony's 1st pastor, Dutch Reformed Johannes Michaelius, takes his 1st service, attended by a Walloon couple and 50 guests in South William Street mill loft.
1627
New Amsterdam now has 270 inhabitants.
New Amsterdam trades with New England Puritans, exchanging English goods for wampum (strung beads) or seawan (unstrung beads) which the English use when trading with Native Americans.
Trade talks between Minuit and English colony at Plymouth in Massachusetts.
Manchus invade Korea.
New Amsterdam trades with New England Puritans, exchanging English goods for wampum (strung beads) or seawan (unstrung beads) which the English use when trading with Native Americans.
Trade talks between Minuit and English colony at Plymouth in Massachusetts.
Manchus invade Korea.
1626
There is just one doctor/surgeon. Settlers are seafarers, traders, businessmen and their families.
June 11
African slaves arrive, captured off Spanish or Portuguese ships. Regarded as indentured servants for the Dutch West India Company, they are eventually given land and freedom. More slaves are imported to work in the fur trade and to build public works.
June
Minetta Lane, Greenwich Village, is 1st black landowner's home. The Village (togheter with SoHo) will house most of Manhattan's black population for 200 years.
Peter Minuit buys Manhattan for 60 guilders worth of goods = $24 in 1869 American dollars - $30 at current exchange rates. The sum was enough then for a round trip transatlantic passage. At the edge of Columbia University's Baker Field, a plaque on a large rock claims that this is where Minuit bought the island. However, 13 miles away on the southern tip of Manhattan, an inscription on a flagpole in Battery Park claims the deal was struck here.
City council fines miscreants but corporal punishment can be delivered only on Holland. Initially settlers worship in their own homes but soon a room in a loft is used for services. Crew and passengers of the Arms of Amsterdam, return to Holland and state: "When the fort, staked out at Manhates, will be completed, it is to be named Amsterdam".
Peter Minuit consolidates settlements at island's southern tip. 30 houses are built plus, in time, a blacksmith's forge, gristmills, a counting house, a warehouse, and saw and flour mills. One mill grinds bark for tanning (a horse turned in a circle to power machinery).
May 4
Minuit assembles Algonquin chiefs and wives. He buys Manhattan island from them. Back in Amsterdam, in the only surviving record of this momentous event, P J Schagen writes: "... they have bought the island of Manhattes from the wild men for the value of sixty guilders ...".
September 23
Arms of Amsterdam sails from Manhattan with pelts from 7.246 beavers, 675 otters, 48 mink and 36 wildcats.
May
Peter Minuit becomes 1st popularly elected governor and Director General. German by birth, French by name, and Dutch by residence & citizenship, he returns to the Netherlands for confirmation of the post, arriving back in America in May.
First mill at 20-22 South William Street doubles as a religious meeting place on Sundays and as a room for public meetings.
June 11
African slaves arrive, captured off Spanish or Portuguese ships. Regarded as indentured servants for the Dutch West India Company, they are eventually given land and freedom. More slaves are imported to work in the fur trade and to build public works.
June
Minetta Lane, Greenwich Village, is 1st black landowner's home. The Village (togheter with SoHo) will house most of Manhattan's black population for 200 years.
Peter Minuit buys Manhattan for 60 guilders worth of goods = $24 in 1869 American dollars - $30 at current exchange rates. The sum was enough then for a round trip transatlantic passage. At the edge of Columbia University's Baker Field, a plaque on a large rock claims that this is where Minuit bought the island. However, 13 miles away on the southern tip of Manhattan, an inscription on a flagpole in Battery Park claims the deal was struck here.
City council fines miscreants but corporal punishment can be delivered only on Holland. Initially settlers worship in their own homes but soon a room in a loft is used for services. Crew and passengers of the Arms of Amsterdam, return to Holland and state: "When the fort, staked out at Manhates, will be completed, it is to be named Amsterdam".
Peter Minuit consolidates settlements at island's southern tip. 30 houses are built plus, in time, a blacksmith's forge, gristmills, a counting house, a warehouse, and saw and flour mills. One mill grinds bark for tanning (a horse turned in a circle to power machinery).
May 4
Minuit assembles Algonquin chiefs and wives. He buys Manhattan island from them. Back in Amsterdam, in the only surviving record of this momentous event, P J Schagen writes: "... they have bought the island of Manhattes from the wild men for the value of sixty guilders ...".
September 23
Arms of Amsterdam sails from Manhattan with pelts from 7.246 beavers, 675 otters, 48 mink and 36 wildcats.
May
Peter Minuit becomes 1st popularly elected governor and Director General. German by birth, French by name, and Dutch by residence & citizenship, he returns to the Netherlands for confirmation of the post, arriving back in America in May.
First mill at 20-22 South William Street doubles as a religious meeting place on Sundays and as a room for public meetings.
1625
January - March
More settlers arrive in Oranjeboom (Orange Tree). 11 had died after contracting plague in England en route. Soon 6 more families and a few single settlers arrive at Manhattan's southern tip, bringing total to 45.
Settlers describe rich flora and fauna, tall corn and plentiful fish and game. Cattle and dairy cows arrive. Dairy products remain rare for years; cheese is used for bartering.
Johan de Laet say, "... there is great traffick in the skins of beavers, otters, foxes, bears, minks, wild cats and the like. The land is excellent and agreeable, full of noble forest trees and grape vines ...".
Dutch West India Company expect public worship to be in line with Dutch Synod catechims but allow freedom of conscinece in private matters. Leading members of New Netherland Company - settlers and voyagers - to serve Director as advisory council.
Kryn Frederyks lays out Broadway, Park Row, Fourth Av. and the Bowery. Stone houses replace makeshift huts. Colony numbers about 100. Director Wilem Verhulst selects a site for Fort Amsterdam (roughly where Pearl, Beaver, Whitehall and Broad Streets are); 1st permanent settlement on Manhattan. 1st office building on Whitehall Street between Bridge and Pearl Streets - a stone structure with a reed-thatched roof, owned by Dutch West India Company.
More settlers arrive in Oranjeboom (Orange Tree). 11 had died after contracting plague in England en route. Soon 6 more families and a few single settlers arrive at Manhattan's southern tip, bringing total to 45.
Settlers describe rich flora and fauna, tall corn and plentiful fish and game. Cattle and dairy cows arrive. Dairy products remain rare for years; cheese is used for bartering.
Johan de Laet say, "... there is great traffick in the skins of beavers, otters, foxes, bears, minks, wild cats and the like. The land is excellent and agreeable, full of noble forest trees and grape vines ...".
Dutch West India Company expect public worship to be in line with Dutch Synod catechims but allow freedom of conscinece in private matters. Leading members of New Netherland Company - settlers and voyagers - to serve Director as advisory council.
Kryn Frederyks lays out Broadway, Park Row, Fourth Av. and the Bowery. Stone houses replace makeshift huts. Colony numbers about 100. Director Wilem Verhulst selects a site for Fort Amsterdam (roughly where Pearl, Beaver, Whitehall and Broad Streets are); 1st permanent settlement on Manhattan. 1st office building on Whitehall Street between Bridge and Pearl Streets - a stone structure with a reed-thatched roof, owned by Dutch West India Company.
1624
Spring
Dutch West India Company send their 1st colonists (30 families) with livestock, seeds, and farm implements in Nieuw Nederlandt to stay for 6 years. By the time they arrive, there have been 4 more marriages. Ship returns with otter and beaver pelts.
Spring
Captain C.J. May is appointed Director of New Netherland. Settlers occupy head of bay (at Fort Orange, Fort Nassau and Governor's Island) and call it Mannahata after an old indian word.
New York City is called New Amsterdam. State of New York is called New Netherland. Settlers call Manhattan Manate.
Settlers ice skate and play lawn bowling at Bowling Green Park; popular sports over 100 years.
Dutch West India Company send their 1st colonists (30 families) with livestock, seeds, and farm implements in Nieuw Nederlandt to stay for 6 years. By the time they arrive, there have been 4 more marriages. Ship returns with otter and beaver pelts.
Spring
Captain C.J. May is appointed Director of New Netherland. Settlers occupy head of bay (at Fort Orange, Fort Nassau and Governor's Island) and call it Mannahata after an old indian word.
New York City is called New Amsterdam. State of New York is called New Netherland. Settlers call Manhattan Manate.
Settlers ice skate and play lawn bowling at Bowling Green Park; popular sports over 100 years.
1622
Dutch West India Company establishes Fort Orange (Albany) and Fort Nassau (Gloucester, New Jersey).
1621
Merchants from 5 Dutch cities claim a huge strech of land along Atlantic seaboard, from Delaware River to Connecticut River, including entire Hudson River valley. They call this Nieuw Nederlandt - New Netherland. Dutch West India Company chartered.
States General of Holland grant Dutch West India Company a monopoly in Western Hemisphere.
States General of Holland grant Dutch West India Company a monopoly in Western Hemisphere.
1618
Settlers are self-policing: they break up fights, return stolen goods, and guard homes.
Charter of New Netherland Company expires.
Charter of New Netherland Company expires.
October 11, 1614
Dutch merchants form United New Netherland Company with exclusive trading rights with, "the newly discovered lands lying in America between New France and Virginia" for 4 voyages in 3 years.
1613
Block's ship burns. Native Americans help crew build The Onrust. Block and Christiansen produce 1st map showing Manhattan and Long Island as separate areas.
Native Americans eat apples, beans, bear, beaver, deer, duck, elk, maple syrup, maize, marten, otter, oysters, pratridge, salt and freshwater, fish, squash, strawberries and turkey. In spring, women plant crops while the men rebuild homes. In late fall and winter, they hunt for animal meat and furs.
June
Captain Mossel arrives and leaves black sailor, Jan Rodrigues, with hatchets and knives for trade. Rodrigues joins Christiansen as interpreter but remains with the Rockaway Indians when Christiaensen leaves - with 2 young sons of a Native American chief: one murders Christiaensen near Albany.
Native Americans eat apples, beans, bear, beaver, deer, duck, elk, maple syrup, maize, marten, otter, oysters, pratridge, salt and freshwater, fish, squash, strawberries and turkey. In spring, women plant crops while the men rebuild homes. In late fall and winter, they hunt for animal meat and furs.
June
Captain Mossel arrives and leaves black sailor, Jan Rodrigues, with hatchets and knives for trade. Rodrigues joins Christiansen as interpreter but remains with the Rockaway Indians when Christiaensen leaves - with 2 young sons of a Native American chief: one murders Christiaensen near Albany.
1610 - 1612
Trading voyages by Christiansen in The Fortuyn and Block in The Tyger. Fur trading post, Fort Nassau, erected. Block sails up East River through passage he names Hell Gate and into Long Island Sound.
1610-1611
Henry Hudson seeks Northwest Passage but, set adrift in icy waters by crew, is never seen again.
September 6, 1609
First recorded homicide. 26 Native Americans attack sailors during a canoe exploration in the Narrows, 2 are wounded and John Colman is killed by an arrow in his throat. He is buried at Colman's Point on Sandy Hook.
September 1, 1609
First trade with local natives when Hudson explores Manhattan Island and North River. He shoots 2 local chiefs.
1609
Employed by the Dutch East India Company, English mariner, Henry Hudson, seeks a Northeast trading passage to China in the Half Moon. 5 months later, he anchors at Sandy Hook and introduces European goods, alcohol and firearms to the Algonquins.
Island name Manahacktanienk meaning, "where everybody got drunk" after natives are supplied with brandy.
Area has wells and springs - hence Spring and Canal Street - and a 48-acre pond.
Island name Manahacktanienk meaning, "where everybody got drunk" after natives are supplied with brandy.
Area has wells and springs - hence Spring and Canal Street - and a 48-acre pond.
1607
Unknown English voyager sails up Hudson River and draws a map. 2 years later, Henry Hudson may have used a copy of this.
1600
Native Americans make pottery and use stone, bone, copper and antler to create fishhooks, knives, awls, drills, needles, whistles, flint points, choppers, scrapers and pestles.
1525
Portuguese captain, Estaban Gomez, sails up Deer River and takes 57 Native Americans as slaves.
April 17, 1524
Pirate and explorer, da Verrazano seeks a faster route to the Orient for the French. Blown off course, he reaches New York Harbor and, impressed by its beauty and people, describes it as, "a pleasant place not without some riches". Three brass tablets, nailed to the wall where the Half Moon crew slept, read:
1. Honor Thy Father and Mother.
2. Good Advice Makes the Wheels Run Smoothly.
3. Do Not Fight Without Cause.
Hudson's clerk said of America: " This is ... a pleasant land to see ... the people ... came aboord us ... and brought greene Tobacco, and gave us of it for Knives and Beads. They goe in Deere skins loose, well dressed ... They have great store of Maiz ... whereof they make good bread. The coutrey if full of great and tall Oakes. The Lands wew as pleasant with Grasse and Flowers and goodly Trees ...".
Henry Hudson writes: "The natives are very good people, for when they saw that I would not remain, they supposed that I was afraid of their bows, and taking the arrows, they broke them in pieces and threw them into the fire."
1. Honor Thy Father and Mother.
2. Good Advice Makes the Wheels Run Smoothly.
3. Do Not Fight Without Cause.
Hudson's clerk said of America: " This is ... a pleasant land to see ... the people ... came aboord us ... and brought greene Tobacco, and gave us of it for Knives and Beads. They goe in Deere skins loose, well dressed ... They have great store of Maiz ... whereof they make good bread. The coutrey if full of great and tall Oakes. The Lands wew as pleasant with Grasse and Flowers and goodly Trees ...".
Henry Hudson writes: "The natives are very good people, for when they saw that I would not remain, they supposed that I was afraid of their bows, and taking the arrows, they broke them in pieces and threw them into the fire."
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)